Had he been drinking or not?

Ever been HAD?

Bateson Did Not Define "information" as "a Difference That Makes a Difference" (and He Would Have Been Rather Silly If He Had.)

Obviously the phrase "a difference that makes a difference" resonates powerfully with many people. Perhaps this is because it is a pointer to a very common and important kind of complexity, in which systems are composed of linked, tightly coupled, sub-systems whose causal relationships have the property that any event in one sub-system (e.g. some property, value or relationship changing, or a p...

A study of the reference of pronoun ‘this’ in “All praise is due to Allah who guided us to this and we would not have found the way had it not been that Allah had guided us”

We encounter with some pronouns in the Holy Quran that are with no reference. Of course this makes mind search for their reference with regard to the verses’ meaning and intention, otherwise it views as subjective interpretation of Quranic text. One of these cases is the pronoun ‘this’ in (7: 43) in which anyone who is in Paradise says: “All praise is due to Allah who gu...

Why Einstein (had I Been Born in 1844!)?

In his monumental discoveries, the driving force for Einstein was, I believe, consistency of concept and principle rather than conflict with experiment. In this spirit, I would like to look at the journey from the classical to the relativistic world as a simple and direct exercise first in recognition of universal character of universal entities and then carrying out the universalization. By th...

Fœtus Which Had Been Expelled with Membranes Entire